Depending on the reason for the hysterectomy, it may be performed through a cut in the abdomen (abdominal hysterectomy) or through the vagina (vaginal hysterectomy).
Abdominal hysterectomy is usually done if the uterus is enlarged from a fibroid or tumour, while a vaginal hysterectomy is usually done to treat a prolapsed uterus. Occasionally it can be done laparoscopically, as a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or a ‘keyhole’ surgery.
Depending on the reason for surgery, the ovaries and fallopian tubes may be removed together with the uterus and cervix. A hysterectomy is usually done only when all other treatments have been tried with little or no improvement to the health of the patient.
Recovery period for a hysterectomy
After your hysterectomy, you may spend a few days in the hospital to fully recover. The number of days you will have to stay in the hospital depends on the type of hysterectomy you underwent. In the hospital, you will be given medicines and will be asked to walk around as soon as you can to prevent blood clots.
For the first few days after your surgery, it is normal to experience some amount of pain and inconvenience. Your doctor will prescribe medication to help relieve your pain. You will experience bleeding and vaginal discharge for several weeks. Thus, make sure to prepare a stock of sanitary pads at home. Some women may experience constipation, while others have difficulties emptying the bladder. Some women may also experience emotional stress during the recovery period.
Risks of a hysterectomy
Like other surgical procedures, there are associated risks and side effects with a hysterectomy. These are rare but may occur in the first 30 days after the procedure, and may include:
- Fever
- Infection
- Heavy bleeding which may require blood transfusion
- Damage to surrounding areas (urinary tract, blood vessels, nerves)
- Constipation
- Blood clots in the legs or lungs
- Side effects related to anaesthesia like breathing or heart-related problems
- Pelvic prolapse
After a hysterectomy, women who have not yet reached menopause will no longer experience menstruation and will no longer be able to conceive. When an ovary is removed, your oestrogen levels will decrease, which may lead to early symptoms of menopause.