A hernia refers to the protrusion of an organ through a weakened section of the abdominal wall and often manifests as a visible lump or bulge. The most common site for a hernia is the groin (inguinal hernia) but it can also form in other areas. Other common hernias include paraumbilical hernias (which develop on either sides of the navel) and incisional hernias (which occur at various abdominal sites following abdominal surgery).
Surgery is the main treatment for hernias. Procedures vary depending on the location of the hernia. Surgery might involve making an incision in the abdomen to return the abdominal contents to the abdominal cavity. Stitches and nylon meshes then close and reinforce the weakened area of the abdominal muscle. Inguinal hernias (those at the groin) are usually restored using minimally invasive laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery. This surgical procedure uses a flexible and slender instrument, called a laparoscope, which is inserted through a small incision in the groin. This allows the hernia to be repaired from the inside, without the need for a large incision in the abdomen.