Parkinson's Disease - Diagnosis & Treatment

How is Parkinson's disease diagnosed?

Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on medical history and neurological examination. Doctors may assess the following over time to confirm a diagnosis:

• Tremor, rigidity, and slowness of movement
• Posture and balance
• Response to Parkinson's medications

DaTscan can help to differentiate tremors.

Additional tests such as MRI, brain ultrasound and PET scan, or blood and lab tests may be used to rule out other conditions.

How is Parkinson's disease treated?

While there is no cure, treatments aim to manage symptoms and maintain quality of life:

Medications:

• Levodopa/carbidopa – Replaces dopamine and improves movement
• Dopamine agonists – Mimic dopamine effects
• MAO-B inhibitors – Help prevent dopamine breakdown

Therapies:

• Physiotherapy – Improves mobility, balance, and posture
• Occupational therapy – Supports daily activities and independence
• Speech therapy – Assists with speech and swallowing difficulties

Surgical options:

• Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) – Electrical impulses are delivered to targeted brain areas to improve symptoms

Lifestyle support:

• Regular exercise and stretching
• Healthy diet and hydration
• Mental health support and social engagement

Early intervention, multidisciplinary care, and personalised treatment plans are key to managing Parkinson's disease effectively.