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A medulloblastoma is a type of malignant (cancerous) brain tumour that originates in the cerebellum, a region at the lower back of the brain that controls balance, coordination, and other motor functions.
Medulloblastoma is more commonly found in children compared to adults. These tumours are classified as a form of primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET), which refers to tumours found in the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain or spinal cord.
Medulloblastomas are considered highly aggressive, requiring prompt and comprehensive treatment.
Medulloblastoma is known for its fast-growing nature and aggressive behaviour. The tumour can quickly invade surrounding brain tissue and has a high propensity to spread (metastasise) through the cerebrospinal fluid, which circulates around the brain and spinal cord. This can result in the tumour disseminating to other areas within the central nervous system. In advanced cases, the tumour can metastasise outside the central nervous system, although this is less common.
The symptoms of medulloblastoma can vary depending on the tumour's size, location, and rate of growth. Common symptoms include:
The exact cause of medulloblastoma is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic mutations and environmental factors.
Medulloblastoma and its treatment can lead to several complications, including the following:
Currently, there are no known methods to prevent medulloblastoma, as the exact cause is not well understood. However, early detection and treatment are crucial for improving outcomes. Genetic counselling and testing may be recommended for families with a history of inherited conditions associated with a higher risk of medulloblastoma.
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