Paediatric Neurology & Neurosurgery

Tics are sudden, repetitive movements or sounds that can be difficult to control, while Tourette syndrome is a neurological condition involving both motor and vocal tics. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms through behavioural therapies and, in some cases, medication.

Seizures occur when there is abnormal electrical activity in the brain, and epilepsy is a chronic condition characterised by recurrent seizures. Treatment may include anti-seizure medications, lifestyle adjustments, and, in some cases, specialised diets or surgical intervention.

Headaches, including migraines, can significantly impact a child’s quality of life, causing pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light or sound. Treatment typically involves identifying triggers and managing symptoms with medication and lifestyle modifications.

This group of disorders affects movement and muscle coordination due to brain injury before, during, or after birth. Treatment may involve physical and occupational therapy, medications to manage symptoms, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

Dystonia causes involuntary muscle contractions leading to repetitive movements or abnormal postures. Treatment may include physical therapy, medications, or Botox injections to reduce symptoms and improve function.

Delays in reaching milestones such as speech, movement, or learning may indicate underlying neurological issues. Early intervention therapies, including speech and physical therapy, can help children catch up to their peers.

Conditions such as encephalitis or myelitis can cause inflammation, leading to neurological symptoms like weakness, pain, or cognitive difficulties. Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying cause, often with medications like corticosteroids or immunotherapies.

These are inherited conditions that affect how the body processes chemicals and nutrients, impacting the brain and nervous system. Treatment often involves managing symptoms and addressing metabolic imbalances through diet and medications.

Conditions affecting the nerves and muscles can lead to weakness and mobility issues. Treatment focuses on physical therapy, medications, and sometimes assistive devices to enhance mobility and quality of life.

Although rare in children, strokes and related disorders can have serious impacts. Treatment involves managing the underlying cause and rehabilitation to regain lost function.

Traumatic brain injuries can disrupt a child’s development. Neurorehabilitation, including therapy and specialized care, helps improve recovery and restore lost skills.

These can range from benign to malignant and may affect a child’s neurological and physical health. Treatment typically involves surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, depending on the type and location of the tumour.

Autism spectrum disorder affects communication and behaviour. Neurological care can include behavioural therapies, developmental support, and sometimes medications to address associated symptoms like anxiety or hyperactivity.

ADHD can affect focus, behaviour, and learning. Treatment includes behavioural strategies, educational support, and sometimes medication to improve attention and impulse control.

Neurological issues may underlie difficulties in reading, writing, or math. Early evaluation and tailored educational strategies can help children overcome challenges and succeed academically.

Conditions like meningitis or encephalitis require prompt medical attention. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, antiviral medications, and supportive care to prevent lasting complications.